What are the different types of IUDs?

Currently there is only one non-hormonal IUD in the US called Paragard which lasts for up to 12 years. This IUD is wrapped in copper and releases copper ions inside of the uterus causing an inhospitable environment for sperm. While this method is a great birth control, it is not usually used for anything besides contraception. The possible downside of using Paragard is that you could have a heavier and crampier period, but you will still get a period. 

Hormonal IUDs contain one hormone called Progestin. The Progestin gets slowly released over the years it is in place. The currently available hormonal IUDs last from 3 to 7 years. It works as a birth control method by thickening cervical mucus as well as thinning the lining of the uterus and it may prevent ovulation. These IUDs can also decrease cramping and bleeding and may even stop your period entirely. The most common negative effect reported for hormonal IUDs is irregular bleeding. This typically occurs within the first 3 to 6 months after insertion, but could last longer.

How should I prepare for my insertion?

You can get it inserted at any point during your cycle, though insertion during your period can make it easier. Here are some helpful tips for your insertion:

• Try to stay well hydrated the couple days leading up to your appointment

• If desired, you can take a medication to help ease cramps such as Ibuprofen 800mg or Aleve 500mg thirty minutes before your appointment

• Eat something before your appointment

• You can drive yourself home after your IUD insertion, but some people prefer to be driven. I wouldn’t recommend biking or walking to your appointment, but ultimately that is your decision

• If you are currently on another birth control method, continue using it until your appointment, if possible

• If you are not using a birth control method and are having penis-in-vagina sex you should use a barrier method such as condoms or the pull-out method until your insertion

• If you feel you would benefit from anti-anxiety medication prior to your insertion, you can schedule an appointment to discuss this and obtain a prescription to take before your IUD insertion

The insertion is a crampy procedure that lasts about 6 to 10 minutes. You will feel cramping after the procedure potentially for up to a week, but often just a few days in which the cramping should improve. You can take over the counter pain medication if you wish.

What pain management is available during my insertion?

Getting an IUD is an uncomfortable procedure for most people. During your appointment you will have the option to use a heating pad to help with cramping. Some people also choose to bring a friend, family member, or a certified emotional support animal to their appointment to decrease anxiety. 

During the insertion it can be helpful to listen to music, practice deep breathing, and notify your provider if you feel you need to take a break or discontinue the procedure. Numbing medication around the cervix can be used, but keep in mind that it requires using a needle for administration and therefore may be painful in and of itself. It also will only help with the pinching discomfort but may not decrease cramping.

How can I take care of myself after my insertion?

After your insertion, you may wish to take it easy for the rest of the day. Using a heating pad can help with cramping and taking over-the-counter pain medication such as Ibuprofen, Tylenol, or Aleve at least for the first few days after insertion can further alleviate pain. You can discuss with your provider which medication may be best for you, as well as how much and how frequently you can take it.

What should I know about removal?

When it comes time for removal, it takes only a couple minutes and can be done in clinic. Alternatively, you can attempt self-removal at home with the guidance of your provider. Most people find the removal to be less crampy compared to the insertion, but if you would like you can still take over-the-counter pain medication prior to your removal appointment.